Vines are grown in every Australian state with over 2,000 producers, but the most important are in Southern Australia and the Barossa Valley is home to the most valuable.
The first wines were produced for the domestic market in the 1820s and the arrival of European settlers in the late 19th Century saw volume and quality increase significantly.
Penfold's Grange is Australia's most outstanding and valuable wine and the only label to be regularly traded on the secondary market. First made by Max Schubert in 1951 utilising Bordeaux techniques, early 'Grange' vintages 1955 and 1971 achieved international awards. Robert Parker Jnr, the world's most influential wine critic, scored the 1976 and later vintages perfect 100 points.
In the 21st Century, auction sales have seen rare Grange vintages achieve Burgundy-like values raising five and six-figure sums for their owners.